A Literature Analysis Essay

Joyce Carol Oates attributes the creation of â€Å"Where Are You Going? Where Have You Been? † to Bob Dylan’s â€Å"It’s All Over Now, Baby Blue† and the article she read â€Å"about a killer in the American Southwest†, she also considered â€Å"the legends and folk songs connected with the subject of â€Å"Death and the Maiden†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ when creating this story (Latta 1). Oates was well known for writing about â€Å"the spiritual, sexual, and intellectual decline of modern American society† writing about such issues as suicide, rape and murder (eNotes. com, sect.2). Oates was also interested in exploring the various aspects of adolescence through her writing (Schwartz, 1). Critics have widely argued over the influences of â€Å"Where Are You Going? Where Have You Been? † and the true identity of Arnold Friend. Little attention has been given to the music incorporated into the story and the obvious similarities of the antagonist, Arnold Friend to legendary singer, Bob Dylan. This essay will explore Bob Dylan’s musical influence on â€Å"Where Are You Going? Where Have You Been? † by interpreting the song, â€Å"It’s All Over Now, Baby Blue† and the similarities between the two as well as identifying physical characteristic similarities between Dylan and Friend. Oates dedicated this story to Bob Dylan; which gives interpreters of this story just cause to assume Dylan’s music during the 1960s greatly influenced the characters and scenes of â€Å"Where Are You Going? Where Have You Been? † Critics however do not agree as to who Arnold Friend represents. Most critics feel that Arnold represents the devil and evil, such as Joyce Wegs’ and Marie Urbanski who argue that Arnold is evil and his outward appearance represents the devil. Some critics however feel that Arnold represents a religious or cultural savior (Jordan). It is unrealistic to think that Arnold Friend is any savior such as Mike Tierce and John Michael Crafton suggest in â€Å"Connie’s Tambourine Man: A New Reading of Arnold Friend† (Jordan). It seems most likely that Arnold is a creation of Oates which had the appearance of Bob Dylan because she was inspired by him which many critics have already noted. Another argument made by a small portion of critics is that Arnold didn’t really exist but was rather a figment of Connie’s imagination such as McConnell states in â€Å"Connie’s Tambourine Man: A New Reading of Arnold Friend† where he writes, â€Å"Connie is the framer, the story creator—and the diabolic traces in her fiction frighten her not because they are the manifestations of an outside evil but because they are the symbolic extrapolations of her own psyche† (1). There is no reason to think that Connie, a fifteen year old girl would imagine such a threatening older person. When Connie daydreams, she thinks of â€Å"the caresses of love† and boys such as the one she met the night before Arnold Friend showed up at the door. Connie daydreamed about â€Å"how nice [the boy] had been†, and Connie continues thinking of how sweet being with this boy had been. She related her experience to be like the movies and the way it was â€Å"promised in songs† (339). Connie was a young girl living her life according to the music, and she would not have daydreamed something as threatening and terrifying as Arnold Friend. While critics may disagree to what Arnold represents; there is significant evidence that Arnold was created to look, but not necessarily be, Bob Dylan. Arnold Friend’s physical description is that of Bob Dylan’s appearance in the 1960s. Oates makes reference to the radio DJ, Bobby King, which is in â€Å"reference to â€Å"Bobby† Dylan, the â€Å"king† of rock-and-roll† (McConnell, 1). McConnell also supports the theory that Arnold looks like Bob Dylan, with his â€Å"shaggy, shabby black hair that looked crazy as a wig,† (Oates, 340) his â€Å"long and hawk-like nose,† (Oates, 342) and his unshaven face. Arnold also had â€Å"big and white† teeth, his lashes, â€Å"thick and black as if painted with a black tar-like material† (Oates, 344) and his size, â€Å"only an inch or so taller† (Oates, 341) than Connie are all characteristic of Bob Dylan. Arnold â€Å"spoke in a fast, bright monotone† voice which â€Å"is also ‘suggestive of Dylan, especially since he speaks’ â€Å"in a simple lilting voice, exactly as if he were reciting the words to a song†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Oates, 342) (McConnell, 1). When Connie became suspicious of his age, before she realized the danger she was in, small clues confirmed her feelings that he was indeed an older man. He used a mix of slang â€Å"as if he were running through all the expressions he’d learned but was no longer sure which of them was in style†. Arnold used his lyrical voice and pieces of lyrics from songs to confuse, comfort and then scare Connie. Connie recognized many of the lyrics used. Michael Kapper accurately portrays the influence of music in Connie’s life. Kapper writes, Rock’n’roll music is a constant presence in Connie’s life. At the drive-in, the background music is â€Å"something to depend on† (Oates, 337), and on Sunday afternoon, with no drive-in and no boys around, the music itself gives Connie joy. This omnipresence is even noteworthy in the music’s absence (1). It is important to decipher the similarities between â€Å"Where Are You Going? Where Have You Been? † and Bob Dylan’s â€Å"It’s All Over Now, Baby Blue†. While there are several other songs that are similar to the overall theme of Oates’ story, â€Å"It’s All Over Now, Baby Blue† has substantial similarities and support from several critics. The reoccurring lyric in â€Å"It’s All Over Now, Baby Blue† (Dylan) is â€Å"†¦it’s all over now†. Arnold Friend spends the majority of the time at Connie’s house explaining to her that her life as she knows it is over; at the end he says â€Å"it’s all over for you here, so come out† (349). Connie and her friend were very trusting and unaware of the consequences of their actions. Connie and friend risked crossing the highway to be able to act like adults, and â€Å"†¦listen to the music that made everything so good† (337). Dylan sings of the risks of living on the edge in â€Å"It’s all Over Now, Baby Blue†, warning that â€Å"the highway is for gamblers, better use your sense† (7). Connie gambles with her life both by crossing a busy highway and by trusting people she does not know. Arnold tells Connie that her time in her home was over, telling Connie, â€Å"†¦they don’t know anything about you and never did and honey you’re better than them because not a one of them would have done this for you† (Oates, 350). Arnold also makes himself look as if he is a saint saving Connie from her family who does not understand her. This is also present in â€Å"It’s All Over Now, Baby Blue†, where Dylan sings â€Å"look out the saints are comin’ through† (5). Dylan sings that â€Å"The carpet, too, is moving under you† (17), this must be what Connie felt when she realized Arnold was a â€Å"forty-year-old baby† (Oates, 344) and when she realized that she would not see her mother or sleep in her bed again. In the final few verses of Dylan’s song it states; â€Å"leave your stepping stones behind, something calls for you. Forget the dead you’ve left, they will not follow you† (19. 20). Oates’ story echoes Dylan’s song. Connie is leaving her home where she has learned and grown such as stepping stones and she will never see her family again; whether she dies or must stay with Arnold Friend against her will is personal interpretation. Arnold Friend however made it clear that she would not return. It is evident from the wealth of literary analyses that Joyce Carol Oates’ story â€Å"Where Are You Going? Where Have You Been? † will continue to have mixed interpretations of its characters, influence and overall theme. It is undeniable however, from Oates’ dedication of the story to Bob Dylan and the overwhelming similarities of â€Å"It’s All Over Now, Baby Blue† to Oates’ story that both the story and Oates was heavily influenced by Bob Dylan visible in both the antagonist’s characteristics, the choice of words and the overall importance of music to the characters and theme of the story. References â€Å"It’s All Over Now, Baby Blue†. Lyrics. Sony NY BMG Music Entertainment. (2007). 31 August 2007 Jordan, Tonia. â€Å"Who Is Arnold Friend? † Ezinearticles. com. (2006). 1 September 2007 Kapper, Michael, C. â€Å"A Virgin in the Backseat Smoking Hash: Joyce Carol Oates’s â€Å"Where are You Going, Where Have You Been? † The Joyce Carol Oates Papers. (1996). 1 September 2007 Latta, Alan, D. â€Å"Spinell and Connie: Joyce Carol Oates Re-Imagining Thomas Mann? † Connotations 9. 3 (1999/2000): 316-29. 31 August 2007. < ht tp://www. uni-tuebingen. de/uni/nec/latta93. htm> McConnell, Leigh. â€Å"Connie’s Tambourine Man†. Blog. (2007). 31 August 2007. http://conniestambourineman. blogspot. com/2007/07/connies-tambourine-man. html â€Å"Oates, Joyce Carol: INTRODUCTION. † Short Story Criticism. Ed. Joseph Palmisano Project Editor. Vol. 70. Gale Group, Inc. , 2004. eNotes. com. 2006. 30 Aug, 2007 oates-joyce-carol> Schwartz, Aaron. The Story â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? † by Joyce Carol Oates. Ezinearticles. com. (2007). 30 August 2007 http://ezinearticles. com/? The-Story-Where-Are-You-Going,-Where-Have-You-Been? -by-Joyce-Carol-Oates&id=324443 Showalter, Elaine. â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? â€Å". Rutgers UP: New Jersey. (1994). 30 August 2007 http://jco. usfca. edu/where. html

Communication Styles †Analysis of a Special Interaction Essay

The paper is an analysis of the special interaction between a Noble and a Reflective. The analysis is a process to see how communication styles affect the interaction, and how changing one’s style when communicating with another style can result in different outcomes. This paper illustrates how I adjusted my communication style to adapt my boyfriend’s communication style and how the result changed. The paper addresses the following: 1) A description of the interaction, 2) An analysis the interaction, and 3) Conclusion. see more:describe how to support different communication abilities and needs of an individual with dementia A description of the interaction The specific interaction I want to demonstrate is the interaction between my boyfriend, Tony, and me. Because we have different communication styles, we sometimes argue and get mad at each other. He is a straight forward person; he tells me right away what I am doing wrong. As a Noble, Tony is very decisive. He likes to be center of every discussion. In contrast, I have a Reflective style; I tend to be quiet. I love spending time alone; I think deeply and do not make decisions quickly. The interaction The following scenario is an illustration of our communication styles. The interaction took place late at night two weeks ago at the Home Depot store where Tony and I went to buy some fixtures for my room. We went inside the store; he grabbed the products he needed quickly, while I took my time looking around. I showed him the light I had chosen and he said, â€Å"It is not a night light. Let’s go over another row†. He held my hand and tried to move quickly to another row, but I pushed his hand away and stood in the same area. He went by himself and said, â€Å"We have to hurry up, or we can come back tomorrow†. I was very angry, but I did not say anything. Finally, I went to the cashier, and I saw him holding a pretty night light in his hand. The impact of different communication style Although he still helped me choose the night light, his behavior made me feel like he was rushing me and did not care about me. He thinks he knows what I want, and he should have asked me what kind of light I needed. If I chose the wrong one, he should have explained what kind of light I needed. He acted as if he needed to make the decision for me because I was taking too long. An analysis of the interaction Last week, Tony helped me repaint my room and we went to the Home Depot to purchase colors and painting tools. Tony was very unhappy because I took too long to decide the paints. He also complained why I did not plan ahead of time. In the meantime, I decided to speak out what I was thinking instead of being quiet and doing my own thing. I told Tony that he should have helped me on selecting the paints because the color I wanted was not available and the instruction of choosing and mixing colors in the store was confusing me. I described what kind of color I wished to use for my room and asked him for advice. I also talked to Tony directly that I tried to ignore his offended comments, but those unconscious words irritated me. Tony realized his unintentional attitudes made me upset and he said apologize to me. We both felt like we removed the communication style barrier between us after the frank conversation and we finished shopping and painting my room successfully. I will remind mys elf to use this method in our future conversations to prevent conflicts and arguments. Conclusion Learning the communication styles concept has helped me better understand the way people interact. Each person has a distinct style of communication which has both good and bad aspects. Any miscommunication can cause unexpected outcomes, but if I can adjust or control my communication style, I can predict the result of most interactions. Therefore, I recognize that learning and understanding other styles and applying what I have learned in real life will help to bring good results.

World Religions: Buddhism and Christianity

This roadmap of this paper is chiefly twofold. On the one side of the spectrum, it attempts to make a successful presentation of the fundamental nature and key teachings of Buddhism as a particular religious movement. On the other side of the spectrum, this paper hopes to make an equally successful juxtaposition of the salient points relative to the similarities and differences between Buddhism and Christianity. The starting point of this essay will be to firstly lay the foundational elements and fundamental characteristics of the Buddhism faith, as a jumping board from where the succeeding discussions shall be drawn. Secondarily, in order to better place the Buddhism’s teachings within the larger purview of religion as a phenomenon, its comparison with Christianity shall comprise a significant part of the discussions as well. In the process, this paper hopes to establish that there is in fact an array of aspects for both religions which, even when on the surface they appear to be wholly distinct, nevertheless share common strains and resemblances, as far as doctrinal beliefs and ethical norms are concerned. This is a concept of no little importance; for history has been a constant witness to the divisive nature of religious pluralism. On a careful analysis, what this paper hopes to ultimately achieve is not to lay judgment on either the correctness or wrongfulness of any doctrine, as it merely wants to appreciate of the distinctness and uniqueness which defines both Buddhism and Christianity, and all world religions for that matter. Fundamental Tenets of Buddhism Buddhism is a religious tradition believed to be already in place around 500 years before the coming of Christ (Griffiths, 1997, p. 5). The exact location of its initial inception and formation is relatively unknown, inasmuch as the exact time of its emergence remains to be fully determined. But many thinkers believe that the religious movement started from the Indian peninsula, only to be dispersed from the neighboring regions later on. An exact definition of Buddhism may be difficult to identify, as a whole array of versions of Buddhism claim origin and affinity from the force which may be called as the chief inspiration of the religion – Gautama Buddha, also known as Gautama Sakayamuni. Far from being a movement characterized by an universal bond of uniformity or structure, Buddhism is one the few religions in the world which readily embrace diversity from its adherents. In fact, Griffiths would claim that one of the most notable uniqueness of Buddhism lies in its â€Å"very differentiated† character (1997, p. 5). To concretely cite the case in point, one may perhaps discover that the version of Buddhism being practiced in, say, South Asia, may differ distinctively from the one being observed in adjacent states, say, the countries found in South-East Asia. By inference, it is therefore not without good reasons to suppose that Buddhism is a religious movement that neither demand nor teach an adherence to a uniform doctrine to all its followers. As hereinabove hinted, Buddhism takes root from the inspiration and teaching left by its recognized founder by the name of Gautama Sakayamuni, who later on, would be called Gautama Buddha by his followers. At the very least, this is precisely the reason why the religion is named after its founder; since Sakayamuni is believed to be the religion’s supreme exemplification of a life marked by total freedom. It is commonly accepted that Gautama Buddha left a host of teaching pertinent to the methods of meditation as a way to attain a totally blissful existence. This state is called Nirvana. Buddhism, it must be mentioned, is largely about an adherence to a kind of life geared towards the search for enlightenment, as did their founder Gautama. Thus, in view of this, Humphrey believes that this particular religion does not chiefly concern itself with the worship of a Transcendent as an accommodation of a particular â€Å"way of life† (1997, p. 13). In many ways, this is yet another glaring testimony of Buddhism’s peculiarity. Normally, the most fundamental definition of religion – which by the way is accepted for most part by nearly all thinkers – has, one way or another, the element of a belief in a Transcendent as one of the chief conditions to be satisfied. Taylor thus puts it simply: religion is nothing else but a â€Å"belief in a Supreme Being† (cited in McCutcheon, 2007, p. 22). As for Buddhism, many thinkers believe that the element of Transcendence in its core doctrines is not that apparent. Which is why, Williams would contend that Buddhism is a religious movement which is not so much associated with doctrinal beliefs as a â€Å"body of teachings with spiritual benefits (1989, p. 2). In fact, many of Buddhism’s teachings are concerned not really with religious worship as with lifestyle, rituals, devotions and meditations (Mitchell, 2002, p. 1). Buddhism believes reality is always in a constant flux. In other words, it maintains the absolute â€Å"impermanence† of all things (Griffiths, 1997, p. 16). In fact, in the entire corpus of Buddhism’s teachings, one may notice that the theme of impermanence is patently recurrent. Since this religion draws heavily from the fundamental recognition that nothing in the world is ever permanent, it therefore believes that human persons must exhibit a detached comportment in relation to the things of the world. In other words, the more a person appreciates the true implication of diversity and impermanence, in a manner being unattached to all things ephemeral, the more a person is closer to the truth about reality (Williams, 1989, p. 3). Taking cue from this fundamental belief, Buddhism teaches that human life is in a perpetual pursuit of enlightenment against the backdrop of an impermanent world; and this entails being constantly ‘dissatisfied’ by what – read: everything – the world offers (Williams, 1989, p. 34). In many ways, it is only by right of mere inference that one cannot anchor his or her happiness or enlightenment on something that ceases to become as time passes. Thus, the plain admission that reality is in fact impermanent should therefore lead believers to equally recognize that nothing in this world ever satisfies human existence to begin with. Buddhism also acknowledges that reality can sometimes be illusory. Put in other words, Buddhism subscribes to belief that, since things are subjected to a constant flux of change, â€Å"things (therefore) are not what they seem† (Griffiths, 1997, p. 20). To this end, the value of meditation takes concrete shape. Meditation allows a person to enter into the truth that the world cannot satisfy the longing for human contentment and bliss. It is even said that Buddha himself taught that one must always take on the attitude of â€Å"dissatisfaction† even in meditation. In this way, one can therefore sift through the elements which constitute eternal happiness from a world replete with ephemeral things (Mitchell, 2002, p. 33). Through meditation, Buddhism offers a way towards the ultimate state of blissfulness called Nirvana. Through it, one is able to create a standpoint marked by a deliberate renunciation of the world; i. e. , a total freedom from the world. It also has to be pointed out that Buddhism offers a set of belief systems that demands concrete actions as well. The doctrine called the four noble truths for instance essentially begins with the fundamental belief that â€Å"life is suffering† and subsequently demands correlative actions to address it. To concretely cite, Buddhism holds that there are four noble truths in life: namely, (1) life is suffering, (2) the cause of suffering is cravings for pleasure, (3) freedom from suffering is temperance from pleasures, and (4) the way to stop suffering is to practice the eight-fold path which includes, right view, right intention, right speech, right action, right living, right conduct, right mindfulness and right concentration (Mitchell, 2002, pp. 5-47). Buddhism and Christianity: a Juxtaposition It has to be firstly remembered that the task of the succeeding discussion is not to draw a point-for-point correspondence between Buddhism and Christianity. The whole point of comparing and contrasting is the inference of resemblances in either religious themes and moral tendencies of both relig ions in question, while affirming the innate distinctness each of them primarily possess. First, it is noteworthy to cite that both Buddhism and Christianity are religious movements that accede to the authority of their founders who act as the primordial and focal point of their emergence. Buddhism on the one hand sees Buddha as the exemplification of their journey towards a transcendent end. Buddha, while considered not as a divinity, remains to be the only figure of transcendent to whom Buddhism profess a faith. Christianity is pretty much the same; except that the person whom they recognize as its founder – Jesus Christ – is firstly believed to as a divinity. Like Buddhism, Christianity owes its emergence from the life and teachings of its recognized founder. In fact, according to Alister McGrath, â€Å"the precipitating cause of Christian faith and Christian doctrine was and is a man named Jesus† (1997, p. ). Put simply, the belief on the Lordship of Jesus Christ was the primordial force that pushed Christianity to become a distinct religious movement out of the mainline Judaic religion. Second, it is also wise to note that both Buddhism and Christianity believe on an ideal existence apart from this world. Buddhism, as mentioned, relegates a se rious amount of its teachings on meditations, in the hope that such a practice would usher its believers onto a state of complete bliss. Christianity too believes that in state of utterly blissful vision of the Lord, translated into heaven (Sheed, 1957, p. 220). Christians believe that when a person dies, his or her soul can either go to heaven or be condemned to hell. Be that as it may, the belief in the incomparable happiness brought about by man’s â€Å"living contact† with the â€Å"infinite perfection of God†, or the concept of an afterlife still emerges. Third, with equal interest it must also be mentioned that both Buddhism and Christianity place the question of suffering within the very context of their respective belief systems. Buddhism acknowledges that suffering needs to be purged and surpassed by letting oneself become free from the lures of the world. Christianity meanwhile believes that suffering has a place in the faith it professes. While Christianity recognizes the undeniable nature of human suffering, it treats the latter with much profoundness and uniqueness. Christianity does not teach that all sufferings must be purged; instead, it teaches that there are sufferings that must be embraced for the sake of heaven. This is supremely exemplified by Jesus Christ himself; the God-man who, by â€Å"suffering â€Å" in â€Å"His soul and body† on the cross saved the world from its sinfulness (Sheed, 1957, p. 127). By way of contrast though, it needs to be acknowledge that there are certain strains of beliefs that distinguish Buddhism from Christianity in a manner being patent and obvious. One can perhaps note how, first, Buddhism differs from Christianity on account of the belief in a divine transcendence. Christianity believes in a God which is Trinitarian in character. This means Christians profess to a God who comes in three distinct persons – the Father, the Son (who is Jesus Christ) and the Holy Spirit (Sheed, 1957, p. 54). If Christianity has a very concrete way of imaging its belief in a divinely transcendent Being, Buddhism’s belief system, by contrast, cannot sufficiently pinpoint the image of a divine; and a belief in the Supreme Being is highly ambiguous for them. Far more critical, there are even those who doubt if the idea of a Supreme Being is tenable for the Buddhist faith. Griffiths for instance notes that ‘the metaphysics of impermanence’ makes it difficult for Buddhist to conceive of a god, who, at least for Christians, is considered to be enduring, impermanent and most of all, unchangeable (1997, p. 23). Second, briefly it can be cited too that Buddhism differs from Christianity in terms of religious structure. It was previously mentioned that Buddhism does not appear to demand a uniform set of doctrines for all its members to observe. This is why, there are a number of different versions of Buddhism throughout the world. Christianity on the contrary insists on a universal acceptance of its official corpus of teachings. While this does not imply that Christianity does not have its own minority versions, the crux of the matter here is that, Christianity, unlike Buddhism, emphasizes, or, more appropriately insists on the need, for its adherents, to profess in â€Å"one† – i. e. , uniform – set of key doctrinal tenets (Sheed, 1957, p. 140). Conclusion This paper concludes with a thought that firstly affirms the need to recognize the value of Buddhism as a movement distinct and unique on its own. As a religion which has been in place for the longest time in human history, it was learned though the discussions that Buddhism takes root from the life and inspiration lent by its recognized founder, Gautama Buddha. Moreover, it was also learned that Buddhism has long established itself as one of the major religions of the world to date, offering its adherents a doctrine which on the one hand embraces a perpetual dissatisfaction towards all things, and on the other hand longs for a state of complete happiness that can only be found within. By right of mere logic, it is not for nothing that millions of people embrace this faith with much devotion and passion; for its doctrines allow its believers to glimpse beyond the ephemeral affairs of the world. With equal interest, this paper also presented a ponderous juxtaposition of Buddhism and Christianity, and therefore concludes that there are indeed strains of similarities which can be gleaned from between the two religions. Among others, it was learned that both of them recognize authoritative figures as their revered founders – Gautama for Buddhism and Jesus Christ for Christianity. And surely, there are lot more similarities and differences which can be cited to this end. In the final analysis though, this paper further concludes that despite teeming differences, many of the aspects of both religions manifest areas that may be taken as facets for future dialogue and mutual appreciation.

Entrepreneurship And Small Business Development Essay

Entrepreneurship And Small Business Development - Essay Example Entrepreneurship is also about making proper plans and arranging the resources required for converting the market opportunities into reality (Dyck and Neubert, 2008, p.173). While on the other hand, an entrepreneur is an individual who is focused on the decision of allocation and harmonization of scarce resources (Casson, 2003, p.19). Bill Gates, Steven Spielberg, Sam Walton, Gordon Moore, Ted Turner and Alan Sugar are among the eminent entrepreneurs of the world (Finance in the classroom, n.d.). However, in the context of this project Alan Sugar, the owner of Amstrad will be chosen as the entrepreneur on whom the study will be conducted. Alan Sugar is a successful entrepreneur and tasted success at an early age. The leadership skills of Alan Sugar are also noticeable. Hence considering all the relevant facts Alan Sugar is the ideal person. The study will focus on the attributes associated with an entrepreneur and also the theories related to it. The report will also highlight the re lation between the entrepreneurs and the theories applied. The report will then try to give an insight about the entrepreneur by considering the literature and the practical work. Finally, after analyzing the finding from the study, a conclusion will be drawn which will portray whether the null hypothesis holds true or it is rejected. An overview of the theory of leadership as applied to entrepreneurs Entrepreneurship has always been a subject of study that has been highly researched and theorized and is still in the developmental stage. Earlier studies have proposed that entrepreneurs are more inclined to unique psychological needs and are also more spontaneous, motivated to achieve their goals, takes more challenges and are also prone to take more risks. Hence an entrepreneur has to adapt according to the demand of the situation. The most important functions of an entrepreneur are as follows:- 1. Organization building: - An entrepreneur needs to organize all the relevant elements such as manpower, material and the related resources. The entrepreneur has to perform the function of planning, organization, and monitoring. The entrepreneur also needs to use the leadership skills to build a team, accumulate resources and finally solve the problems. According to Kilby, entrepreneurship is an important activity in developing countries and encompasses the following rule. Purchasing inputs. Managing finance. Managing production. Attaining charge over the limited resource. 2. Bearing Uncertainty and Risk: - According to the author Andrew F. Newman, an entrepreneur has to bear huge risk and uncertainty (Newman, 2007, p.1-2). Every decision related to the creation of a new product, incorporating new technologies, and taking up foreign venture involves risk and uncertainty. Thus in this uncertain environment entrepreneurs needs to make the decision by forecasting the associated risk. Since entrepreneurs are not gamblers, therefore, they take calculated risks. Entrepreneu rs also lead, create and take actions. Therefore all the mentioned behaviors produce leadership competencies. Leadership is about selecting the appropriate style according to the situation. Also, the characteristics of the person, who is being guided need to be considered (BBC, 2006). The leadership qualities are an important characteristic for an entrepreneur.

Moral Equivalent of War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Moral Equivalent of War - Essay Example The army life involves giving up self-interest for the good of the group hence peaceful coexistence and therefore according to James, war must have its way unless a moral equivalent is found which can discipline the whole community and make them feel valued. This would involve conscription of the whole youth population to form an army against nature which is the only enemy of justice and peace. By performing such duties as; dishwashing, road building, coal and iron mining, widow washing, and tunnel making among other duties, the youth would be moulded into responsible men with desirable virtues such as which would replace military virtues hence a moral equivalent of war (Par 25-26). The need for a moral equivalent of war is due to the fact that war is irrational. The ancient communities fought only for the sake of glory and to steal women and other possessions. These military ideals are passed on from generation to generation but in modern times they are restricted for war is only fo ught when necessary. Instead, nations seek peaceful negotiations and only fight when a compromise cannot be reached. However, for James it is difficult to bring peace-party and war-party together because of fear of disappearance of military action which is disciplinary. Nations live in fear hence are always preparing for war so for the military ‘peace’ and ‘war’ are synonymous with the latter being just a â€Å"verification of mastery gained during the peace period† and the absence of war would lead to degeneration of life (Par 8). Militarism is also viewed as a means by which men gain and retain their hardihood and since war is discouraged, the anti-militarists argue that men require new hardihoods equivalent to those instilled by militants. These include; fearlessness, giving up self-interest, and obeying commands (par 23). James believes that new energies and hardihoods can be acquired by altering public opinion just like militarist hardihoods are energized by fear. Men would feel obliged to act for the common good of all hence feel proud of themselves and this would be the equivalent of war. The â€Å"moral equivalent of war† concept has been used in various situations by the nation to achieve its objectives especially those who practice socialism. Ownership of private property is discouraged so as to ensure equality for all members of the society. They all work together for the common good of all community members and give up self-interest. However, this concept is highly criticized by liberalists who believe men should be free to do what they ought to do without influence. Liberalists like Samuel Gregg would thus criticize William James’s idea that men should be conscripted into an army against nature so as to acquire martial virtues necessary for survival and which would act as â€Å"moral equivalent of war†. For Gregg, free choice should not be suppressed for the sake of economic equality (9). As su ch, the state does not need to interfere with the liberty of individuals as they can reason and choose what is best in achieving their ends. Rather, the state should provide assistance to the community to enable them to realize integral liberty. He also argues that men can gain different virtues in many ways and use them for the common good of the community (Gregg 73). William James advocates for a state controlled economy or socialism type of government.

Provisions of the Corporation Tax Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Provisions of the Corporation Tax - Assignment Example While the company can claim all the business expenses incurred by it during any financial year, there are certain other provisions governing the capital expenses incurred by the company for the purposes of the business. These are called capital allowances and these allowances cover the expenses incurred for the improvement of the business of the company. By allowing these capital expenses the Corporation Tax Act promotes the working of the companies towards progress. The company can write off all the revenue expenditures incurred by the company against the income being earned by the company. These expenses are in the nature of the expenses which the company has spent on the promotion of the business of the company. For claiming a deduction, these expenses should have been incurred wholly for business purposes and during the previous year. The examples of these expenses include salaries of employees, insurance expenses and other administrative expenses like auditor fees. The company is authorized for the deduction of the interest paid by the company to the banks or other financial institutions for the loans availed by it for business purposes. The interest should have been paid actually during the previous year.The first allowance is in the nature of depreciation on all working assets including industrial buildings and plant and machinery that are being used by the company for the manufacture of products. An amount equal to 4 percent of the cost of the industrial buildings can be claimed by the company by way of writing down allowance. For claiming this deduction the company should have put to use the building in respect of which the deduction is being claimed. When the company constructs some building in an enterprise zone the company can claim the whole cost of the building as a deduction from the chargeable income. The position of the writing down allowance in respect of the plant and machinery belonging to the company is as follows: In general 25 percent on the written down value, a method is allowed as a deduction for the large companies. In the case of small and medium companies, there is a first-year allowance equal to 50 percent of the cost of plant and machinery that can be claimed as a deduction from the income of the company. The companies that spend capital expenditures on machinery which are using energy saving technology can claim the total value of the machinery in full without limits by way of enhanced capital allowance. Bu for claiming the enhanced capital allowance the technology should be one recognized by the government. The amount of capital expense can be claimed in full in the first year itself. But if the company feels that the company would be in an advantageous position then the company may choose to carry forward the deduction for the future years and claim the allowance in part.  

Who or what influenced you to apply to Syracuse University Personal Statement

Who or what influenced you to apply to Syracuse University - Personal Statement Example It is famous for its entrepreneurial approach and modern education compliant to new theories and last but not the least, for its magnificent structure. I would strive to study in an environment such as this, which facilitates my strengths and pushes me forward in a particular direction. This connection between strength and direction allows one to make discoveries and renovations. I believe I have all the qualities of a student who studies in Syracuse University. I am an ambitious and committed person keen on becoming a persistent intellectual. It is also in my knowledge that this university has a tremendous scholarship program, which gives it a unique historical sense. It offers support services, which shows that it is constantly working towards a healthier campus community. I am looking forward to become a part of this group and work together to make a

Demonstrative Communication Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Demonstrative Communication Paper - Essay Example It also reveals how people relate to each other. Nonverbal or demonstrative communication accounts for about 93 percent of people’s communication. Types of demonstrative communication Demonstrative communication involves different types of communication. Facial expressions contribute a large portion to people’s communication. For instance, a smile or a frown can communicate a lot of information to the receiver. People throughout the world use facial expressions to express happiness, sadness, anger, and fear. Gestures also contribute to non-verbal communication. These are movements and signals that that provide meaning during communication. Their meanings can be more important than words. Paralinguistic can also convey a lot of information during communication. These mainly involve the use of vocal communication such as tone of voice, loudness, and pitch. The type of vocal variation in a particular conveyance of information can bring out a different meaning depending on the context. Body language and posture can also convey a lot of information. Such nonverbal behaviors can indicate feelings and other communication cues. Demonstrative communication may start at an early stage in human development when people start to point at things. The making of gestures by small kids may be a start point for learning demonstrative communication in life. ... 470). Effective and ineffective demonstrative communication Depending on the context, demonstrative communication can be effective or ineffective. The effectiveness of demonstrative communication varies differently between the sender and the receiver. Demonstrative communication involves understanding the feeling of each stakeholder in the communication. There has to be an understanding between the sender and the receiver. Demonstrative communication can be very effective especially for teachers. Their line of work dictates that the teacher has to make the students understand whatever he/she is teaching. The best method to increase students understanding is the use of demonstrative communication in addition to verbal communication while teaching. Demonstrative communication can be very effective depending on the context at hand. For example, facial expressions can be very effective in warning kids. Whenever a kid does something wrong, it is common for parents to give the kids an angr y kind of look. Instantly, the kid stops doing the wrong thing. Such a scenario demonstrates the effectiveness of facial expressions in communicating to kids. Ineffective communication occurs when the speaker uses the wrong nonverbal message to deliver certain information. For instance, using hand gesture to point to a certain direction when the intention was to point to the opposite direction. Wrong choice of nonverbal message can send a different message to the audience. This may make the audience to perceive a different message from the intended Positive and negative effects of demonstrative communication The perception of demonstrative communication can be positive or negative depending on how the receiver. For instance, picture a company meeting where everyone is

Assess the Extent to Which International Intervention for Humanitarian Essay

Assess the Extent to Which International Intervention for Humanitarian Reasons is Becoming a Normal Among the International Comm - Essay Example To assess extent of the international intervention for humanitarian reasons one shall primary discover its foundation. In my opinion, regulation of human rights and freedoms are the basis for any humanitarian intervention in pre- and post-war period. Before signing the UN Charter, Geneva Conventions of 1949 and other international documents they were regulated exclusively by national law. Their scope and variety depended on historical epochs. According to national law, humanitarian intervention was allowed only for protection of life and property of citizens, staying on the territory of another state, and also of ethnic minorities. French intervention to Syria (1860 - 1861) can be regarded as its classical example. Justification of the above intervention was the rescue of local Christian population. A short-term religious conflict between the Maronite Christians and the massacre provoked indignation of European community of those times. Houndari (1946) remarks that previously there h as been tolerance between Muslims and the local Christian community. At the Conference in Paris the most influential European countries empowered France to perform the intervention for humanitarian reasons. ... , but only because it was clear that non-compliance with the wishes of the European great powers would lead to strategic coercion being exercised by the Concert powers against Turkey.† Thus, in XIX century such intervention of the progressive state was quite normal, as oppressors were Muslims, ‘uncivilized foreigners’ and was grounded on common religion and humanity concerns. The French party significantly exceeded its authority, as the initially agreed term of 6 months was prolonged and conflict of power with the British government took place. It is a typical feature of modern humanitarian intervention campaigns (Iran, Afghanistan), where transfer of power to local administration is often prolonged and restricted. Although the French government tried to protect local Christians’ interests, it was just a pretext for power redivision with Great Britain in this region. Scale of the conflict was exaggerated, because most of the Maronite Christians were natives, not numerous and â€Å"and partly because clergy and laity alike were for the most part Arabic in language and culture† (Houndari 1946). On the other hand, the present intervention really improved the situation, as the Christian population was governed and protected by American Christian Governor. The Maronite Christians’ rights and social position strengthened. Special attention should be paid to the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, which authorized partition of Poland by Germany and the Soviet Union. After World War I League of Nations supported independence of Poland as a buffer against ‘Red Russia’ and progressive Europe. According to agreements between League of Nations members, observance of human, civil and political rights for Polish citizens dwelling outside the country was guaranteed. Lerski (1996)

Precis for two articles or write a good topic you think Essay - 2

Precis for two articles or write a good topic you think - Essay Example Even though population size is larger in developing countries and has higher growth rate, the greater threat is still developed countries. Developing countries however contribute to the threat of higher consumption through emigration to developed countries or through efforts for improving living standards and per capita consumption such as in China. China is a fast growing economy. While its current per capita consumption is 11 times lower than the one for developed countries, its large population means that continued increase in its per capita consumption would be a great threat to sustainability. Increase in its per capita consumption to 32 would increase global oil consumption by more than 100 percent and global metal consumption by almost 100 percent (Diamond 1, 2). If India could also join China to the 32-consumption level then the global consumption rate would increase by 300 percent while improvement of consumption in all developing countries would increase global consumption by about 1100 percent. Even though Americans suggest that improved governance and better policies could improve lifestyles in developing countries, these may not be valid solutions because economies may not be able to sustain increased consumption levels. Americans are also critical of countries with increasing consumption rates yet these rates are well below that in America. While developing countries may seek to improve their consumption rates towards equality, resource scarcity is a limitation and developed countries may not be willing to reduce their rates. Some of the factors to high consumption rates are however wasteful and minimizing them can ensure a balance with a level of sustainability. Political goodwill appears the necessary tool to this success (Diamond 2 , 3). Malakoff David authored the article, ‘Be fruitful and multiply?’ that the Conservation Magazine published in December 2009. The author identifies conflicting opinions on global

The History Of United States Essay Example for Free

The History Of United States Essay The differences between the federalists led by Alexander Hamilton and republicans under the leadership of Thomas Jefferson shaped the political and economic direction of America in their day. This paper asserts that these differences were determined by individual perceptions that gave birth to these ideological differences. When faced with the responsibility of leading the country, Jefferson embraced some of Hamilton’s ideas. Alexander Hamilton the federalist was born in the West Indies on 11th of January 1757. His party the Federalist Party was formed in 1792 and lasted all the way up to 1816. This was the first party to be formed in America On the other hand we have Thomas Jefferson who was the third president to rule United States of America and was born in 1743 in Virginia. He was very influential in laying the foundation for Republicanism. Unfortunately, the two leaders had very little in common. Jefferson’s Democratic Republican party was formed in 1792 with a motive of opposing Hamilton’s economic and monetary views but the party split in 1820s because of the party differences. He died on 4th July, 1826. Their philosophies on social, political, and economy were very different. For example they disagreed on the system of government, constitution and the funding of the federal government. The main focus of this paper will be to compare the similarities and differences between the social, economic and political philosophies of Alexander Hamilton and Federalism on one hand and Thomas Jefferson and the Democratic Republicans on the other. The paper will also try to look at why these political functions emerged, how the leaders viewed each other and from what segments of society they drew support from. Hamilton was a very strong advocate of a stable and strong centralized government and worked hard to convince the congress to enact laws that would facilitate its formation. He was basically talking about how this government could be financed, how a national bank would be created and where taxes will be obtained from for example, from imports and on whiskey. He was strongly inspired by British’s trade and its financial base. On the other hand Thomas Jefferson formed his Democratic-Republican Party which later came to be regarded as Republican Party to oppose the federalists view on economic and foreign policies such as the formation of a central government. They opposed Hamilton for proposing the extension of trade and other friendly business with foreign countries such as Britain. About the constitution, Hamilton wanted the constitution to be loosely interpreted while Thomas Jefferson and his party believed on strong and strict constitutional formation that would limit the judicial interpretations. They were opposed to the issue of forming a national government which they dismissed as unconstitutional. They also differed in the type of government they wanted for example Hamilton wanted a balanced economy with industries, agriculture and trade while Jefferson believed that the country could only be supported by the work of the common man. Hamilton since 1795 advocated for the promotion of trade to other parts. He also wanted international cooperation with Britain to be supported. Additionally, Hamilton wanted U. S to embrace a policy of tax collection and a national bank to cater for national debts while on the other hand the democratic Republican Party was against this although after the war in 1812, this party split after they were defeated, many young leaders who were against Hamilton’s idea of nationalism supported it and started advocating for strong military defense which they had in the past opposed. (Albert W. F. , 1984). Although Hamilton and Jefferson differed in many things, later Jefferson welcomed Hamilton policies. For example, after the former won the presidential elections of 1800. His strong opponents like Gallatin and Madison started adopting some of Hamilton’s policies like the formation of a national bank. They also started forming strong military base something that came into their mind soon after they lost in the war of 1812. They also embraced Hamilton’s policy of being flexible in interpreting the constitution. This is what is referred to as loose interpretation or using basket clause. Also the tariff policy so as be able to finance the federal government was adopted. Another thing borrowed from Hamilton was the issue of forming a strong standing army as well as the country’s economy that would be supported by the federal government. These both factions had different origins. The Democratic Republican Party originated from Philadelphia among the congressmen. In the beginning it was called the Republican Party but later, it was widely marketed in New York by Thomas Jefferson who included the states and other leaders from different localities. His party strongly advocated for liberty for all. On the other hand the Federalist Party was created by Hamilton alone and become its leader it relied on for urbanites it was the first to be formed in USA. Some saw it as people’s party while others criticized that it had a very weak connection with the masses. The Federalist Party started after Hamilton was appointed to the office by George Washington who was the then president. By this time he was a retired staff member. Hamilton wanted a federal government with a strong financial base. He went ahead and proposed his own economic program. He wanted the central government to cancel the debts that the sates occurred during the Revolutionary war of America and there by replacing it with a national debt. That is a debt that would be paid by the central government itself. He believed this would have only been possible if there was formed a national bank. His closest friend Madison left him and went to cater for his people in Virginia thus dropping the idea of nationalism. He later joined Jefferson in opposing Hamilton’s ideas. In 1790 Hamilton relentlessly started looking for followers countrywide. He believed that if he mobilized likeminded people and use his treasury networks to bring together all those people in the government like bankers and merchants, then he could make it. He began his politics in urban areas and as time went by, the party assumed a national identity and eventually became the Federalist Party. On the other hand, the Democratic Republican party was founded by two people that is, Jefferson and James Madison sometimes back in 1792. The party was formed with a motive of opposing Hamilton’s views on the economy and foreign policies. The foreign policies were of prime concern to the republicans. Hamilton wanted U. S to start having friendly relations with Britain and his party strongly condemned the French revolution. Jefferson’s party put ahead of all other things the freedom of Yeoman farmers and rights as opposed to federalism. He differed in Hamilton’s ideas on monetary things, national bank, creation and high spending in the military. In1790s the federalist and republicans traded abuse through newspapers. Hamilton was seen as a monarchist who never valued the American culture. He was accused of favouring the rich so that they could support his politics. Later they turned to using humors against each other. They opposed the treaty of 1784, Jay’s treaty that advocated for having relations with Britain and criticized the French revolution. They termed Britain and France as their archenemies. Jefferson and his supporters claimed federalism favored aristocracy instead of the ordinary people. However, after1812 Jefferson’s party split into two because of party differences. The young leaders in his party favored nationalism and creation of a strong army that would provide security to the Americans but Thomas Jefferson and his clues refused this. These younger leaders were Clay, Adams and Calhoun while the old party was headed by Randolph, Crawford and Nathaniel Macon. Both sides differed in beliefs which made them to support different factions. The later backed Andrew Jackson. After elections were held these factions became separate parties. The one for Jackson became the modern Democratic Party. The federalism party that was formed by Hamilton drew its support from all over but mainly from urbanites that would support his policies. Hamilton’s party had a lot of job opportunities thus it was able to attract many people while did not have many job opportunities. Jefferson drew his party support from the rurals whom he believed were the backbone of his party. . Alexander Hamilton firmly advocated for the government intervention and support in trade. He never advocated for free trade like it was the case in Britain for he believed this led to misuse of funds by channeling them to colonial powers. He believed that if his policies were implemented, then the economy would grow into stable heights. Hamilton was an orthodox although not a very strong believer. He did not believe that Christianity and democracy could go hand in hand. Hamilton misused religion to meet his political objectives especially during the revolution in France. To conclude, it can be said that Jefferson and Hamilton differed in many ways than they had in common. In the past they disagreed almost in everything but later Jefferson and the Democratic- Republicans changed their minds and embraced some his policies especially after they lost in war of 1812. His political party split because young leaders in his party like Clay and Adams supported the idea of nationalism and the creation of a strong army which the other faction in the party opposed. Finally after elections were held the two factions became parties. Jefferson’s party which was under Jackson became the Democratic Party while that for the youngsters faded after the civil war. After this, democrats welcomed some of Hamilton’s ideas such as having a strong central government as well as strong military base and an economy that would be controlled by the federal government. Jefferson believed in strict interpretation of the constitution that would limit the judiciary misinterpretation and Hamilton’s idea of creating a bank that would handle all financial cases of the central or federal government. This idea was also rejected by the representatives of the southern colonies whose economy did not favor the creation of a national bank. In short we can say that even in areas that they came to think alike, it was after they lost the war of 1812. The party became divided and the two parties went on their own. Reference: Albert W. F. , 1984. The Authority of Publius: A reading of the Federalist Papers. Ithaca, New York: Cornel University Press.

Pearl Harbor Essay Example for Free

Pearl Harbor Essay â€Å"Injustice any where is a threat everywhere,† as Martin Luther King stated. It varies from bullying to unjust workers. The Holocaust is a great example of injustice. Innocent Jewish people were killed for just being of their faith. Racial Discrimination and bullying are a few other examples of injustice that are prevented. This could have been prevented, granted people did not act as fast as they did to follow Hitler. Such injustice should keep from happening in the future. Injustice comes in many ways and forms. From bullying to unfair judging of others. The Holocaust was a great example of injustice. The Jewish community did not deserve such torment for being Jewish. In World War 2 Adolph Hitler wanted to clear Germany of all Jews and turn Germany into a communist country. The injustice that was happening in Germany was spreading across Europe. Eventually other countries like Italy and Russia were under the influence of communism. This injustice was spreading across Europe . The United States found this to be unjust and had to interfere because they found this to be a threat to them. War crimes such as this are perfect examples of injustice. Another example is the racism of the 60’s. There was so much fighting towards the Black population and it was unfair. The African-American population had been seeking freedom and equal rights since slaves were freed. Dr. Martin Luther King tried to make equal rights true for all. He did such and succeeded, which led to equal rights and no more racial discrimination. There are many more ways that injustice shows up in history but these are some main examples. Even from a simple shove to a kid you do not like to something as upscale as the Holocaust, injustice should be prevented. Injustice may be widespread, but it can be stopped. The Holocaust and Racial Discrimination were unjust, but they were stopped, which proves that any injustice can be stopped. You could do something as little to tell a bully to stop. Whenever given the chance stop injustice, take it. It can be prevented in large organizations also. Such groups come together to talk about and help others experiencing injustice in their lives. People can do much more to prevent injustice than they think. Always speak out against injustice because you could save a life. Those who dared to speak out in the Holocaust were killed, but their death was not in vain. These people led to the freedom of the Jews. This proves that speaking out against injustice can save people. In conclusion, injustice can be prevented in many different ways. You can do anything from stopping a bully to starting an organization. Injustice comes in many ways and forms. No matter what way injustice is seen, you should do what you can to prevent it.

The Method Of Ibs And Conventional System Construction Essay

The Method Of Ibs And Conventional System Construction Essay Labour productivity comparison between structural building systems showing that the number of trades for each building system was highly labour intensive because it consisted of four major operations, namely the erection of scaffolding and formwork, installation of reverse, casting of concrete and dismantling of scaffolding and formwork. On the other hand, the IBS required fewer construction operations. For instance, the cast in-situ tunnel form system did not require scaffolding to support the slab while the precast concrete system was pre-assembly in the factory, hence reducing on site labour input. crew size comparison between structural building system; Crew size comparison between structural building systems showing that the conventional building system was significantly different from the IBS. However, no significant difference was found between building systems in IBS. Hence, they were grouped into homogeneous subset . on average, IBS required a crew size of 22 people while the conventional building system required a crew size of 14 people. These crew sizes were further broken down into carpenter, precast panel erector, steel form erector, bartender, concrete and crane operator. In term of percentage, the conventional building system require d 7% more than size of the IBS. this was because the conventional building system required more construction trades than the IBS. cycle time comparison between structural building system; Cycle time comparison between structural building system show that the mean cycle time for completion of structural element of one house, the total construction duration for a project can be predetermined. This can be to evaluate the project extension of time submitted by the contractor. In terms of percentage, the conventional building system required 26%more than cast in-situ table form system, 41% of cast in-situ half tunnel form system 53% of precast concrete 2.4 Factor of choosing method of IBS and conventional system According to the Warszawski (1999),that is the factor of comparison between IBS and conventional system: factor IBS Conventional system Quality Quality-controlled and high aesrhetic and products through the process of controlled pre-fabrication and simplified installation. Factory production of fabricated components minimizes errors and imperfections, resulting in better quality products, better workmanship and superior finishes. An IBS components produces higher quality of components attainable through careful selection of materials, use of advantages technology and strict quality assurance control. The initial capital investment for setting up a permanent factor is relatively experience. Plant, equipment, skilled worker, management resources need to be acquired before production can be commenced. Less (cannot change the design flexibility as components ordered was fixed in sizes) Materials may manage by semi-skill people. Uncertain weather can result in less-than expected construction. More (design can change flexibility, or can cast in-situ) Speed of construction time Faster completion of construction projects due to the usage of standardized prefabricated components and simplified installation processes. An industrialized building system allow for faster construction time because casting of precast element at factory and foundation work at the site can occur simultaneously. This provides earlier occupation of the building, thus reducing interest payment or capital outlays. Generally, all building system requires lesser time to fabricated the building components, which may include time taken to fabricated, erect and dismantle formwork and to cure the concrete. Speed of construction is according to labour productivity and materials delivery to construction site. Time consuming where the process can be delay by weather or scheduling conflict. Construction of in-situ work requires the fixing and casting time, thus it is slow. Cost of construction The initial cost of constructing the factory, casting beds and support machinery is usually expensive and can only be removed when undertaking large project. The repetitive use of the formwork made up steel, aluminium, etc and scaffolding provides considerable cost savings. For large project, the initials capital investment in the building system can be amortized to a large extent, especially when the cost is given a wider spread. Prefabricattion capitalizes on a faster turnover, giving savings on overheads and other operational costs. Greater control over manufacturing results dramatically reduces the chance of cost overruns. Need to employ professional person to in charge. Construction cost increase due to uncontrollable variables such as weather and scheduling conflict. If suitable materials are choosing, cost of construction will decrease. Storage and equipment space For the purpose of erecting and assembling precast panels into their position, heavy crane is required especially for multi-storey building. It is therefore important to incorporate this additional cost when adopting a prefabrication system. The prefabrication system relies heavily on sophisticated plants, which have to be well coordinated and maintained by skilled operators. Breakdown in any section would hold-up the entire production line. A large work area for the factory, tower cranes, trailers and storage space for the precast components are normally required. Most construction sites are congested are quite often unable to provide the large are required. Need to provide a storage for machinery. Bigger space is needed materials storage Lesser large equipment at site like tower crane, mobile crane and etc. Safety and cleaner Construction is not affected by adverse weather condition because prefabricated component is done in a factory controlled environment. Safer construction site due to reduction of site workers, materials and construction wastage. Construction operation is safer without large equipment like tower crane and etc. transportation It is found that casting of large-panel system can reduce labour cost up to 30 percent. However, these cost savings are partially offset by the transportation costs. The transportation of large panels is also subject to the must taken into consideration when adopting a prefabrication system. All materials are deliver under small sizes and package form, thus all materials are easily transport to construction site. Labour Low site worker required due to simplified construction methods. Prefabrication takes place at a centralized factory, thus reducing labour requirement at site. This is true especially when high degree of mechanization involved. Due to the higher degree of mechanization, professional person is needed. Skilled workers are replaced by plant machinery, tower crane and mobile loaders. Using more of the workers is semi-skilled and skilled worker. High site workers required due to traditional construction methods. Using more of the workers is semi-skilled and skilled worker. (source: Peng, 1986; Abdullah, 2003; Warszawski, 1999; Zaini, 2000; CIDB, 2003, 2005; Ingemar Lofgren Kent Gylltoft, 1996; Raymond, 2002)

hitler :: essays research papers

1918 Germany looses the war Newspaper: Germany looses war. Hi I’m Peter and I am 4 years old. Germany lost World War 1 and Germany was forced to take all blame for the war, and had to pay reparations to the Allies. Germany was also forced to have free trade that made our economy crash. 1920 The rise of the Nazis Mom: Peter guess what there is a new political group named the Nazis. They believe that Germany needs to overturn the treaty of Versailles and combat communism. And people like us in the middle class and lower class support them. 1922 wheel barrow economy I’m at the store with my parents and you are witnessing the wheel barrow economy. To pay the expenses of the war, Germany simply printed money. The paper money steadily lost its value. In 1918 a Berlin a loaf of bread cost less than a mark in 1918 and now it cost more than 160 marks. 1923 Hitler arrested at the dinner table: Mom- Peter Hitler was arrested, because he attempted to seize power and failed. They tried to get him for treason and they sentenced him for five years in jail. Peter: That’s horrible now how are ever going to get out of the treaty Versailles. 1933 Hitler named chancellor Hitler being named I am now 19 years old and have been watching Hitler quite a bit. The Nazis Has become the largest political party. Hitler has been named chancellor, once in office he acted quickly to strengthen his position. He called for new elections and the majority voted for him, so he demanded dictatorial power for 4 years. 1934 Hitler takes control of economy Dad- son we aren’t poor anymore, and I now have a job it’s all because of Hitler. Thanks to him making new laws like the banning of strikes, dissolved independent labor unions and giving the government authority over business and labor our economy is going to stabilize again. Peter: Wow dad that is really great I’m so happy. 1934 Peter Joins the Nazis Peter in his uniform or diary I joined the Nazis and so has pretty much everyone. Hitler has convinced all of the Germans that Jews are evil and has used them as scapegoat for all the troubled we have had since the war. This led to anti-Semitism across the whole country. 1935 Hitler breaking treaty of Versailles Newspaper: Hitler breaks treaty Oh my god I can’t believe it! Hitler had always wanted to undo the treaty of Versailles. The treaty of Versailles limited the size of the his army and in

Rosa Parks :: essays research papers

Racism and prejudice has been a problem in the United States for along time. Poeple have been denied human rights such as getting a fair trial, eating in resturants, or sitting in what ever seat they want in a public bus. In 1955 a woman named Rosa Parks took a stand on a public bus in Montgomery Alabama. She refused to give her seat to a white man and was arrested for not doing so. She was scared of the discrimination of the Jim Crow laws. Jim Crow laws were laws were intended to keep blacks from mixing with whites. IN the Jim Crow laws blacks were required to give thier seats to whites if there were no more seats. This is what happened to Rosa parks on December 1 1955. On her way home from work she refused to give her seat to a white man and got arrested. Even though she knew what the consequences were, she decided to take a stand. She knew that she would be arrested, but she decided that she would try to make a change. Rosa Parks stand was so significant that she is called t he mother of the civil rights movement. Her arrest made everyone boycott public busses. Led by Martin Luther King for 381 days blacks carpooled, walked, or found other ways of getting around. Despite the harassment the boycott continued and was extremely successful. The bus company suffered from the loss of fares, but did not desegregate its busses. In 1965, the case was brought to court, and segregation of busses was ruled unconstitutional, the busses were officially desegregated on December 21, 1956. The movement Rosa Parks started caused the Civil Rights act of 1964 to be passed and the Voting Rights act of 1965. She was elected secretary of the Montgomery branch of the National Advancement of

Opposing School Uniforms Essay -- essays research papers

School Uniforms In 1993, Will Rogers Middle School in California’s Long Beach County School District began discussing the idea of a school-wide uniform policy. That fall, Will Rogers became the first school in Long Beach County to have a mandatory uniform policy. Other schools in the district soon followed drawing national attention, including a personal visit from then President Clinton. Recent memories of school shootings around the nation caused President Clinton to urge other school districts to move to uniforms in his 1996 State of the Union Address. This started a seemingly endless debate over school uniforms in public schools. In order to be legal, every uniform policy has to have an option to not participate. Students that â€Å"opt-out† attend other schools that do not have uniform policies. Most Republicans and the more moderate Democrats are in favor of uniforms while the more liberal Democrats oppose them. People in favor of uniforms support them for several reasons cited in a US Government manual on school uniforms: †¢ decrease in violence and theft—even life threatening situations—among students over designer clothing or expensive sneakers, †¢ prevention of gang members wearing gang colors and insignias at school, †¢ instilling students with discipline, †¢ helping parents and students resist peer pressure to buy expensive clothing, †¢ helping students concentrate on their school work, and helping school officials to recognize intruders who come to the school. (â€Å"Manual† par. 2) People against uniforms oppose them for several reasons: uniforms violate the first amendment right to freedom of expression, the claims of the supporters are not true, and problems in the schools are much bigger than a little ans... ...lace, I think a big part of the improvement in statistics was due to the implementation of uniforms. While a strict dress code, or uniforms, would probably improve the statistics, it is not the best option. I think the best option is a mandatory identification badge. Students would be required to wear a visible photo I.D. at all times when on campus. One school I visited had badges worn on a necklace. This policy has a few of the benefits of uniforms, like intruders being easily recognizable, but it does not impose on the student. This is a very realistic option. A great deal of employers require their employees to wear name badges while they are on the job (Nurses, Factory workers, etc.). Most employers do not specify a uniform to be worn. Uniforms are not the one-word answer to today’s problems, but uniforms and/or ID badges could be used as part of the solution

Tv News vs. Internet News

It is hard to believe that just a few years ago, watching TV or reading newspapers were the only ways of gathering news. Nowadays as thanks to the Internet there is one more option, the question whether it is best to rely on television news, or to follow online news emerged. When set beside, those two ways of gathering news seem to be enormously different. The biggest difference between online news and television news is the access to information. While watching news on TV, we are dependent on broadcast schedule of any TV station.By contrast, there is no schedule involved in following online news. The access to information is constant and it is the user’s choice when to follow the news. Secondly, compared to television news, the amount of online information seems to be much more greater. While on TV only the most important pieces of everyday news are broadcast, the Internet offers basically unlimited amount of information concerning every branch of science and all fields of li fe.Nevertheless, the quality of television news still remains much more higher, as online articles are often anonymous or unverified. Last but not least, unlike television news, following online news gives the reader the possibility of commenting on any given article. While watching television news, the receiver only gathers the news, whereas the online news follower may participate in live â€Å"debate† and express his view on every piece of news presented.To sum up, there are many differences between television news and online news, such as the access to information, the quality of news, or the receiver’s participation. While online news seems to be more available and gives the receiver the chance to comment, the television news still remains more reliable. It is up to the receiver to choose what is more important to him.

Rethinking Video Game Violence Essay

Technological advancements made in the twenty first century have continuously altered the lives of every individual in this planet. Digital technologies have made communication among individuals very easy with the click of a button. In addition to this, technological advancements have also affected how people entertain themselves. Children all over the world are already abandoning their traditional toys. Action figures, matchboxes, building sets and puzzles are now losing its popularity because of the invasion of video games. The technological advancements have introduced the Play Station, Xbox, Game Cube, etc. to millions and millions of children all over the world (Mayor, 2005). True enough; the development of video and online games has continuously invaded the households of citizens all over the world, targeting their most important clients, the children. For some reason, video games only cater to the young adolescents and children; only in rare cases do they tend to be successful in influencing the adults. This is due to the fact that these games were designed using the role-playing method, which only entice the younger population as they are the ones who could not distinguish which is real and which remains to be in the fantasy realm of their minds. When adults observe children playing video games, the former fails to see what the latter sees (Mackey, n. d. ). In one way or another, these video games contribute to the construction of the children’s identity and culture, thus greatly affecting the lives of the children. With the popularity of video games increasing, the traditional ways by which childhood is characterized have continuously eroded and undermined. Somehow, no one knows where and what childhood really is about (In Search of the Child, 1969). Together with these advancements in technology come social problems associated with children and the youth such as drug-trafficking, teenage crime and the involvement of children in crime. The development of these video games has continuously instilled fear upon educators and parents as they continuously affect the children’s lives. Critics of video games fear transmission of violent messages to the children as they engage in playing with these video games (Squire, 2002). It was in 1980 when these video games were developed when President Reagan called for the creation of cold war warriors, knowing that these games would instill skills and attitudes to the warriors. However, more critics become more and more afraid of the effects of these games to cultural activities. They would often think that these would become influence children negatively as these would cause the young children addiction in technological developments (Squire, 2002). In April of 2002, a U. S. District Judge named Stephen N. Limbaugh, Sr. made a claim which somehow contrasted this particular fact. According to this very famous personality, video games are not capable in conveying ideas or expressing anything else that could possibly amount to speech (Jenkins, n. d. ). Because of this, video games did not enjoy constitutional protection since then. Limbaugh also said that for as long as games do not express ideas, no game shall be protected even if laws clearly state that children and the youth should not have access to any form of media that is said to explicitly contain violence and sexual messages (Jenkins, n. d. ). According to different research and studies made regarding this topic, the kids who have are now part of the videogame generation does not respond to traditional instructions. Because of this, researchers and educators worry that video games transmit hyper competitive and distorted sexual values to the children. Government policies have been constructed in such away that violent messages could not reach the children. Government policies introduced censorship practices which aim to keep the different homes safe from violence and distorted sexual messages. There had been several devices developed that could help in filtering out violent messages from reaching the homes of the children (In Search of the Child, 1969). In addition, video games are said to turn the children’s attention away from their academics (Squire, 2002). This particular ruling met a lot of criticisms, arguing that video games do express ideas that could definitely influence the minds of the youth negatively. Video games are seen to have psychological and social effects (Jenkins, n. d. ). According to some critics, gamers produce meanings through game play and other related activities. Effects are often seen as they emerge in the game itself. Thus, meanings become visible through interpretations as it continuously reflect our conscious engagement. Through this, they would be put into words and finally, examined. New meanings would often arise from what we already know and think. Because of this, each and every player would interpret a game according to his or her own experience and knowledge (Jenkins, n. d. ). In the same manner, it is often argued that children could not distinguish fantasy from reality. Due to this, focusing on meaning would increase the knowledge and competence each player has, that would often start with the mastery of particular concepts that differentiate the fantasy from the real world (Jenkins, n. d. ). This paper would look into the effects of video games on the children and the role they play in the lives of the children. In the same manner, it would look into how violence is instilled in the minds of these children through these video games. In addition to this, this paper shall look into how these games construct meanings and identities for the young children. For this paper to accomplish these tasks, it shall be using the game RuneScape, developed by Jagex Ltd. , one of the most popular online games in the whole world. RuneScape Released and Operated by Jagex Ltd. in 2001, RuneScape, once again is one of the most popular games in the world. It is said to take place in the fantasy world of Gielinor which is divided into different kingdoms, regions and areas. Players travel throughout the world by foot, often using spells and devices and other means of transportation. As they travel to each region, players face different monsters and quests. In the same way, more and more materials are being made available to them (RuneScape, 2007). Players are portrayed in the screen as avatars that could easily be customized. The players of this game could set their own goals and objectives together with the activities they would want to pursue in order to reach their goal. Competitors engaged in the game are not encouraged to pursue a linear path. They fight with other players, monsters, complete quests and increase their experience in all the skills available. Interaction between players is also encouraged through chatting, trading, etc (RuneScape, 2007). Video Games and their Impact to Children’s Lives A very famous retired military psychologist, Grossman said that video games teach kids to kill in the same way the military trains their soldiers. This very famous retired military man turned psychologist identified the following military concepts included in video games. The following are: brutalization, classical conditioning, operant conditioning and role modeling. These concepts are said to be adopted by the training camps as they prepare their soldiers for the battlefield (Jenkins, n. d. ). These methods have similarities in the way players interact with the computer games and other players. Because of this, the over exposure of children to these kinds of violence at the age when they are still having a hard time in distinguishing fantasy from reality brutalize them. Because of the rewards associated with the different video games, the children are trained to kill in exchange for these prizes. In addition to this, Grossman claims that a child acquires the same conditioned reflex and motor skills the soldiers have every time he plays an interactive point-and-shoot video game (Jenkins, n. d. ). Lastly, soldiers tend to imitate the role models being made visible in the games. Thus, the possibility of acquiring the same skills in real life is high. For humanist researchers on the other hand, these games are very powerful tools for teaching. It could help players in problem solving as they can see their mistakes as opportunities for learning and reflection (Jenkins, n. d. ). Thus, they would be finding better solutions to their problems. The different video games encourage the players to form their own hypotheses, and in the same manner, test them. In the obstacles that they face in the game world, their abilities are pushed to the highest level, since these games are designed in such a way that players would be encouraged to meet their goals (Jenkins, n. d. ). Thus, video games increase aggression among its players which then affects crime rates all over the world. Because of this, even unrealistic video games could be dangerous for the children and young adolescents. According to an experimental study that dealt with college students that engage in video games, these students have increased aggression after exposure to fantasy violent video games. This then proves the alarming situation at hand, that young adults are even affected by the violent messages transmitted by video games even when they are already supposed to know how to differentiate between fantasy and reality (Anderson, 2003). Because of this, these video games are said to be more dangerous than violent television shows and cinemas. In the same way, newly developed video games are now designed to reward the players for killing innocent bystanders, police, prostitutes, etc. using different means and weapons (Anderson, 2003). Hence, the plots of video games are now worse than ever, becoming more and more violent. In addition to this, there are even games that make some criminals as the heroes of the particular video game. For the author of the book What Video Games Have to Teach Us about Learning and Literacy, the most powerful dimension of these games is the projective identity. Projective identity is the way role-playing allows us to experience the world from different perspectives. Identity then is chosen, accepted or constructed rather than imposed through the games that they engage in. How Video Games Define What it means to be A Child Young children, as mentioned often find it hard to distinguish fantasy from reality. Thus, most children are engaged in games that often involve role-playing. As defined, role-playing games are composed of sessions where group of gamers meet to play. Make believe rules are often formulated which may be simple or sophisticated. As adults already know the difference between reality and fantasy, they find it hard to grasp the concept associated with role playing games (Fei, n. d. ). These role-playing games have said to continuously influence the personality of the children and other young adults. These particular influences, in turn help in shaping the identities of these teens, especially those that are still in the so-called development phase (Fei, n. d. ). How Children Use Video Games to Construct their Realities and Identities As mentioned in the previous parts of this paper, children engage in role playing activities when they play with video games. Thus, this somehow helps them in constructing their realities and identities, how they perceive themselves. This perhaps is the reason why research published in 2000 supports the fact that playing violent video games increases one’s aggressive thoughts, feelings and behavior. Apparently, without the children’s proper discernment of what is right and wrong would lead them to the adoption of these concepts that are supposed to exist only in the fantasy world in real life. In the study conducted by Craig Anderson and Karen Dill, it showed that their college student respondents have been influenced by the violent games they have played or are currently playing. It is quite obvious that the aggressiveness they have acquired through playing these violent video games caused their delinquent behaviors in the past (Anderson, 2003). In the same manner, video games have been a very popular avenue in which certain children construct their gender realities. In one way or another, video games have played a very important role in enhancing the gender differences between the girls and the boys. Based on observation and research, the characters, stories and worlds created by girls are truly different from that of the boys. Obviously, boys are more violent than the girls, making violence the most popular feature of the video games for boys. On the other hand, the girls just do not find the themes of these video games appealing – hunting, battling with monsters, etc. Because of this, video games tend to be more popular among the male kids than the female ones. In addition, this then leads to the social construct embedded upon the young minds of these children. At a very young age, the differences between the roles of the males and the females are quite clear to them (Kafai, 2001).

How to Succeed in College Essay

Hints on How to Succeed in College Classes The Key to Success: Study Time The single most important key to success in any college course is to spend enough time studying. A rule of thumb is that you should expect to study about 2 to 3 hours per week outside of class for each unit of credit. For example, a student taking 15 credit hours should expect to spend 30 to 45 hours each week studying outside of class. Combined with time in class, this works out to a total of 45 to 60 hours spent on academic work†not much more than the time a typical Job requires, and you get to hoose your own hours. Of course, if you are working while you attend school, you will need to budget your time carefully. As a rough guideline, your study time might be divided as shown in the table below. If you find that you are spending fewer hours than these guidelines suggest, you can probably improve your grade by studying longer. If you are spending more hours than these guidelines suggest, you may be studying inefficiently; in that case, you should talk to your instructor about how to study more effectively. If Your Course Is: Time for Reading the Assigned Text (per week) Time for Homework Assignments (per week) Time for Review and Test Preparation (average per week) Total Study Time (per 3 credits 2 to 4 hours 2 to 3 hours 2 hours 6 to 9 hours 4 credits 3 hours 8 to 12 hours 5 credits 3 to 5 hours 3 to 6 hours 4 hours 10 to 15 hours General Strategies for Studying 0 Budget your time effectively. Studying 1 or 2 hours each day is more effective, and far less painful, than studying all night before homework is due or before exams. 0 Engage your brain. Learning is an active process, not a passive experience. Whether you are reading, listening to a lecture, or working on assignments, always make sure hat your mind is actively engaged. If you find your mind drifting or falling asleep, make a conscious effort to revive yourself, or take a break if necessary. 0 Don’t miss class, and come prepared. Listening to lectures and participating in class activities and discussions is much more effective than reading someone else’s notes or watching a video later. Active participation will help you retain what you are learning. Also, be sure to complete any assigned reading before the class in which it will be discussed. This is crucial, since class sessions are designed to help reinforce key deas from the reading. 0 Use your textbook effectively. For a science book, for example: Begin by identifying the learning goals of an assigned chapter, and get an overview of key concepts by studying the illustrations and reading their captions. Next, read the chapter twice: On the first pass, read only the narrative, skipping any optional or boxed features; on the second pass, include the boxed features, and make notes on the pages to remind yourself of ideas you may want to review later. After you complete the reading, check your understanding by trying some of the end- f-chapter problems or any on-line quizzes or tutorials that may be available. 0 Start your homework early. The more time you allow yourself, the easier it is to get help if you need it. If a concept gives you trouble, first try additional reading or studying beyond what has been assigned. If you still having trouble, ask for help: You surely can find friends, peers, or teachers who will be glad to help you learn. 0 Working together with friends can be valuable in helping you understand difficult concepts. However, be sure that you learn with your friends and do not become dependent on 0 Don’t try to multitask. A large body of research shows that human beings simply are not good at multitasking: When we attempt it, we do more poorly at all of the individual tasks. And in case you think you are an exception, the same research found that those people who believed they were best at multitasking were actually the worst! So when it is time to study, turn off your electronic devices, find a quiet spot, and give your work a focused effort of concentration. 02013, Jeffrey Bennett (www. effreybennett. com). Permission granted to photocopy as a two-sided handout for college classes. How to Succeed in College Classes, Page 2 Preparing for Exams 0 Rework problems and other assignments; try additional questions to be sure you understand the concepts. Study your performance on assignments, quizzes, or exams from earlier in the term. 0 Study your notes from classes, and reread relevant section s in your textbook. Pay attention to what your instructor expects you to know for an exam. 0 Study individually before Joining a study group with friends. Study groups are effective only if every individual comes prepared to contribute. 0 Don’t stay up too late before an exam. Don’t eat a big meal within an hour of the xam (thinking is more difficult when blood is being diverted to the digestive system). 0 Try to relax before and during the exam. If you have studied effectively, you are capable of doing well. Staying relaxed will help you think clearly. Presenting Homework and Writing Assignments All work that you turn in should be of collegiate quality: neat and easy to read, well organized, and demonstrating mastery of the subject matter. Future employers and teachers will expect this quality of work. Moreover, although submitting homework of collegiate quality requires â€Å"extra† effort, it serves two important purposes directly related to learning: 1. . The effort you expend in clearly explaining your work solidifies your learning. In particular, research has shown that writing and speaking trigger different areas of your brain. By writing something down†even when you think you already understand it†your learning is reinforced by involving other areas of your brain. By making your work clear and self-contained (that is, making it a document that you can read without referring to the questions in the text), you will have a much more useful study guide when you review for a quiz or exam. The following guidelines will help ensure that your assignments meet the standards f collegiate quality: 0 Always use proper grammar, proper sentence and paragraph writing should be fully self-contained. A good test is to imagine that a friend is reading your work and to ask yourself whether the friend would understand exactly what you are trying to say.

My Ending to Lamb to the Slaughter

Lamb to the Slaughter’s Ending It’s the same nightmare that haunts me every day. I wrapped bed sheet around my fragile frame covering my body, which is drenched with cold drops of sweat. I crawled to the darkest corner in my bedroom trembling of fear as I sank in the darkness. The voices never leave my side; they echo in my head like a drum whether I am awake or asleep. The moon light was tickling my eyes. I felt like an empty shell as I sat there on the freezing-cold ground while my high body temperature was emerging with the coldness of the ground.I leaned my bare back against the cold wall. I closed my eyes, lifted my chin up, and covered my ears very tightly. â€Å" You must find the truth â€Å" the voice said. It’s the same voice in my nightmare. Even though I don’t remember it when I wake up, but I have this feeling bottled inside of me that I have been having the same nightmare over and over every day, and that this voice haunting me is the same voice in my nightmare. I heard the creaking sound of the door opening as I saw my mother, the only person I have left, appearing like a shinning angel reaching out her hand for me in the darkness.She took her steps towards me as her soft brunette hair brushed my face, and her wide crystal emerald green eyes were glued to me. â€Å"Another nightmare? † she looked worried. â€Å" I just feel that there is something I am missing in this world,† I continued, â€Å" That there is something I must discover to put these nightmares and voices to sleep†. â€Å" You have a big day tomorrow , so go back to sleep,† she threw me one of her fake smiles. My name is Jessica Patrick. I got my ghostly-while skin from my father. I mean I totally look like Casper and his ghost buddies!I have a shiny golden hair that falls, beneath my shoulders into a tassel of soft curls. My eyes are lovely midnight blue and around my pupil, I have a silver lining around both of them on my e yes. I am twenty-five years old. My father was murdered before I was even born, but they never find out the murderer; as a result, the case was closed. I only saw my father’s face through pictures, but Mom never really talked about him. I only heard about him from our neighbors. They said that my father was a fine man. He loved my mother a lot, and he was really looking forward to y birth, looking forward to see the face of his very first child. I also heard that he was a police officer, and that he was very serious and passionate toward his work. The wrinkles that filled his face in a young age indeed was just a proof of that. He never skipped work, but he also made sure that his wife doesn’t have to look at the clock for too long. Everyone used to love him because of his consoling, yet serious personality. He just used to be the centre of the attention in his work, but they said he changed before he was killed. He was acting really strange as if something was botheri ng him.Everyone is saying that I look, act, and even think just like him. Today, is an important today in my life because today I will finally graduate from college and can work as a detective. I want to find the one who killed my father. I know that twenty-five years have passed since then, and the possibility of actually finding the murderer is almost impossible. I am sure I can do it though. I barely stood up as I was trying to steady my balance. I stand on my trembling legs wondering how is it that I can keep standing up with my legs shaking like this.I follow the same footsteps I walk on everyday to go to the bathroom. As I was washing my face, I felt hot air on my back. I turned around to see blood covering every inch of the room. I could barely see any color other than red. â€Å" The nightmare has begun. Your life shall be mine. PE PRAPERED! YOU SHOULDN’T HAVE COME HERE TODAY. Your time is running out,† was written by blood. I had no idea what did that mean. It wasn’t good news for sure. I started stepping backward as slowly and as soundlessly as possible until my back touched the sink. I turned around to look at the mirror. There was something wrong!I was there in the reflection, but in a totally different place. I couldn’t help but to touch the mirror. I don’t know what exactly happened but I opened my eyes to find myself in a totally different place. This is my childhood. I was looking at myself being bullied by the other kids at my school. I was always called ‘freak’. It’s not that I am a freak. It’s just that unlike other children. I didn’t want a doll. I wanted to buy a DVD of Detective Conan. I always wanted to be a detective. I was always jealous of the other kids in my school when their fathers used to pick them up.They just looked so happy. Why is it that they can be happy, and I can’t? Why did my father have to die? I wanted to take their happiness away. I wanted to be wrapped by my father’s hands. I wanted to be hugged by his warmth and never have to feel this coldness. I always thought that maybe if I found the murderer maybe then I can be happy. â€Å" Guilt is something we humans always feel. It is guilt that keeps us awake in the night. We always think that if we only could go back in time we would have done that and this. Don’t you agree with me Jessica Patrick? I heard as everything disappeared leaving nothing but me. â€Å" Who are you? How do you know my name? † I demanded. â€Å" You should find the answers yourself. How about we play a game of fate and destiny? † He questioned. â€Å" A game? † I raised an eyebrow. â€Å" Jessica Patrick. You’re twenty- five years old. You want to be a detective, and find the murderer that killed your father. When you used to be a child, you used to be envious of everyone because they all had fathers, and you didn’t. Is that correct? † He sound ed as if he was smirking. â€Å" Wait! How do you know all that? I panicked. â€Å" in front of you there are two door. The one on your right shall take you back to the real world. You would wake up normally and won’t remember a thing; however, you won’t have any another chance. The door on your left might change your life. If you choose the left door, you can discover the one who killed your father and even stop the death of your father; however, be warned changing the future is extremely dangerous. Which door will you choose? † He asked for my decision. So basically if I chose the door on my left, I will go back to my life.I can to my life, but there is big chance that I won’t find the murderer. Though I won’t remember this, but still I don’t want to have an opportunity like this and let it fly away. The door on the left side can change my whole life. I don’t know If it can kill me, but I guess the only way to find out for sure is to give a try. â€Å" I choose the left door,† I said with a slight hesitation hidden in my voice. â€Å" Very well, I shall give you an advice. The future can change by the simplest changes. The one you are looking for is someone you know.Beware of your enemy. No one is to be trusted but yourself. Before you start, you must know a few things,† he pointed out. â€Å" What kind of things? † I asked. â€Å" You only have two chances. If you father gets killed again, your soul will be mine; in other words, you will be nothing but an empty doll in the real world, and a clock will appear on your left shoulder the moment you walk into that door,† he cleared out. â€Å" I get it,† I said trying to look unshaken by his words. I finally saw everything. It left me awed-struck at the beauty of it.The fountains are covered in diamonds from head to toe. The water inside shimmered brightly. I saw an endless amount of doors wondering what existed behind them. Exo tic lamps made of pure gold. Statues were everywhere. The door on my left was huge and silver with black swirls all over it as twine does. The door opened as I took my steps cautiously towards it. I opened my eyes to find myself in a house that kind of looked similar to me. I had a feeling inside of me that I’ve been to this house. I suddenly saw my father sitting in the living room along with my mother.He looked bothered by something He sounded as if he was breaking up with my mother. I looked at the clock. I just understood. I only have one hour to solve this and change the future. I have to find the truth no matter what. I followed them to find mom swinging a big frozen leg of lamb high in the air and brought it down as hard as she could on dad’s head. I can never believe that my mother was the one who killed my father. I went back the moment my father entered the house, but the time I have left is only thirty minutes now. I have to do the right thing, but what is i t?I quickly ran down and closed the door so that my mother won’t be able to open it that way she can never take the leg of the lamb, and my dad will leave her. The clock was shinning. I know that by doing this I’ve made a choice, which means I have to go back to my time and find if I made the right decision. â€Å" I see you’ve stopped your mother. Very simple way, yet very effective. You listened and understood my advice carefully as I said the future can be changed by simple changes. You do realize that you trying to have another chance to save your father costs you something right? † He asked me straightforwardly. Yes,† I closed my eyes. â€Å" You shall forget everything. When you wake up, you will be blind and you won’t remember ever coming to this place,† he said. It appeared that my father was having a dangerous case that’s why he had to leave my mother. He didn’t know when can he go back to her; as a result, he di dn’t explain it to her. After a year, he came back to her side. I believe that she was happy that she couldn’t open the door at that time and killed my father. I may have become blind, but at least now I can feel warmth. I always know that my parents are there by my side, and I never had nightmares again. The End.